Irrigation and food security in the 21st century

Global food projections indicate that food prices in the next threedecades will likely be stable or decline, but progress inreducing malnutrition in developing countries will be slow. Smallshortfalls in crop productivity growth would lead to rising foodprices and worsening malnutrition. Increased food production fromirrigation is essential, and will require expansion of irrigatedarea and water supplies, and improved efficiency of use of existingwater supplies. Neither of these growth factors will prove easy, andboth will require complex institutional and policy reforms. Failureto meet food production needs through efficient expansion andintensification of irrigated agriculture would increase pressure onland resources and hasten the process of environmental degradation.Irrigation and water development strategies have been hampered bya lack of understanding of the links between water scarcity, foodproduction, food security, and environmental sustainability.Research to improve this understanding would have high payoffs.     

我国食品包装机械的现状与发展

人们生活水平的提高推动了食品包装行业的快速发展,同时也给食品包装机械行业带来前所未有的机遇.为此,简述了我国食品包装机械行业的现状,分析了我国食品包装机械行业与发达国家的差距,指出我国该行业发展中存在的问题和不足,并展望了我国食品包装机械的发展趋势.     

添加纳米粒子的塑料包装材料在杨梅保鲜中的作用

纳米技术应用在杨梅保鲜包装上是一个新的尝试,它采用了交互性实验设计方案,将银纳米材料添加进塑料制成包装材料,可观测其保鲜效果.结果表明,纳米塑料包装材料和纳米奇冰石在提高杨梅好果率和延长货架期方面有正面效果;同时,在抑制VC分解方面具有一定的作用.     

重力式计量包装机的设计与研究

介绍了定量包装机的结构、气缸选型以及料仓容积等参数的计算。该机配以PLC气动控制装置、嵌入式电脑核心的包装机控制仪,具有高精度、高速度及长期工作可靠性好等特点。它可以和自动取袋、封口机配合使用,根据不同物料的料性及工艺要求,进行自动称重包装,从而满足了国内粮食及其初深加工产品计量包装的性能指标要求,并广泛应用于粮食、化工等行业。     

流体食品微波杀菌工艺试验研究

与传统的红外线杀菌、巴氏杀菌相比,微波杀菌具有能量损耗小、加热迅速且直接的特点,用于食品杀菌可以达到保持营养与风味、卫生、安全及无污染的效果.以往对食品微波杀菌的研究多集中于固体或半固体食品,而对鲜奶等液态食品的连续流动杀菌的研究较少.为此,通过设计的流体食品微波杀菌试验装置,以水为试验介质,以微波功率为试验参数,以杀菌过程中的温升和流量为试验指标,得到微波杀菌参数之间的相互影响规律以及在给定流量下微波功率的大致变化范围,为液态食品连续流动杀菌设备的进一步开发研究提供了一定的理论依据.     

《菌谱》中管窥宋代食用菌饮食文化

我国宋代时期整体政治稳定、经济繁荣,人文发展得到空前提高,良好环境为我国饮食文化的繁荣奠定了基础。此时期的饮食文化中开始注重饮食营养的全面化,讲究食材烹饪的精细化。《菌谱》作为我国最早撰写的食用菌专著,是宋代对食用菌饮食的整理性文献。解读《菌谱》中食用菌的饮食文化,有助于通过结合食用菌饮食类别,研究宋代食用菌饮食文化的特征,这不仅可以了解当时人们的食用菌饮食习惯,更能折射出宋代食用菌文化的丰富。     

陇东旱塬农作物生态潜力研究

在分析了陇东旱塬什字塬区农业资源的基础上,运用“农业生态区域法”(AEZ)估算了该区主要农作物的资源生产潜力,分析了限制农田生产力的主要因素,提出了进一步挖掘潜力的战略途径.     

兴宁市粮食增产模式攻关试点工作方案

介绍了兴宁市粮食增产模式攻关试点总体思路、基本原则和目标任务,结合该市市情,进一步阐述了兴宁市粮食增产模式攻关的技术模式和攻关内容,为兴宁市粮食增产模式攻关和高产创建提供参考。     

The Sustainability of Quinoa Production in Southern Bolivia: from Misrepresentations to Questionable Solutions. Comments on Jacobsen (2011, J. Agron. Crop Sci. 197: 390–399)

Reviewing the situation of quinoa production in southern Bolivia, Jacobsen (2011, J. Agron. Crop Sci. 197: 390) argues that the booming export market has a negative effect on the environment and on the home consumption of quinoa, thereby leading to an environmental disaster in the region. In view of the scarcity of scientific knowledge on the rapid social and environmental dynamics in the region, we consider that Jacobsen’s review misrepresents the situation of quinoa production in southern Bolivia. Specifically, we argue that (i) the data presented by Jacobsen (2011, J. Agron. Crop Sci. 197: 390) do not support any drop in quinoa crop yield supposed to reflect soil degradation and (ii) his demonstration regarding home consumption of quinoa is ill‐founded from both a nutritional and a cultural point of view. We suggest that the diffusion of the arguments exposed by Jacobsen (2011, J. Agron. Crop Sci. 197: 390), because of their flaws, might have strong negative impacts on those concerned with sustainable food production and fair‐trade with developing countries. We conclude that, rather than reinforced agro‐technical controls on local farmers, the rising competition in the international quinoa market requires a shift towards an ethical economy and ethical research cooperation with quinoa producers.     

食品科学与工程专业实践教育体系改革的研究

针对食品科学与工程专业学生的就业现状,提出了加强培养学生实践能力的重要意义。依据专业特点和社会对毕业生的基本要求,就如何设计合理的实践教学内容,提高学生实践能力提出了基本措施。